ANFIS与多元回归模型在ET0实时预报中的对比研究

以气象数据为自变量,Penman Monteith方程计算值ET_0为应变量,分别建立了多元回归模型和自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)模型,对ET_0预测结果对比分析,ANFIS预测ET_0结果相对于多元线性回归具有精度高(1相似文献   

论劳动基准法中用人单位的惩罚性赔偿责任

“诚”是儒家的一个重要哲学范畴，它集中反映了儒家高度弘扬个体道德主体性和道德自觉性的伦理精神。“诚”贯穿天人，不仅包含着天道向人道的下贯，而且包含着人道自觉地向天道的上达；当“诚”进入心性论领域，更是表现为主体最高的心灵境界、至善的心理态度以及择善固执的道德意志，而这恰恰为个体德性的形成和维系提供了心灵的根基。     

中韩高校图书馆参考咨询服务的比较研究

对中、韩高校图书馆参考咨询服务的机构设置、服务形式、服务管理、服务对象及内容等方面进行了比较研究,并提出了发展我国参考咨询服务必须重视的几个问题：确立先进的服务理念、理顺业务流程以提高服务效率、引入营销理念以加大宣传力度、健全人才培养机制等。     

江苏省高校图书馆参考咨询服务现状调查

对江苏省44所本科高校图书馆参考咨询工作开展情况进行了调研,分析了基本现状与存在问题,对未来江苏高校图书馆参考咨询工作的开展提出了建议。     

三角网格模型变形设

提出了一种三角网格模型变形算法,采用最小二乘法求解三角网格模型变形设计的参考曲面,将网格顶点向参考曲面投影,建立网格顶点与投影点间的映射关系,通过调整参考曲面控制顶点,根据投影点位移量调整网格顶点坐标,采用三角Bézier曲面理论进行网格模型光顺处理,实例证明该方法可准确控制模型形状,有效提高三角网格模型的光顺性及变形设计效率.     

The legacy of past disturbance: Chronic angling impairs long-term recovery of marine epibenthic communities from acute date-mussel harvesting

Two major concerns affect the way we perceive impacts: first, no ecosystem can still be considered pristine and second, stressors may interact. Untangling the effects of broad-scale anthropogenic stressors is complicated as appropriate unimpacted areas at relevant scales are usually unavailable for contrast with impacted regions. Although the perfect study design in the traditions of small-scale manipulative experiments may not always be possible, many human impacts and the mechanisms associated with ecosystem responses have been highlighted in literature allowing contrasting predictions on expected patterns to be tested. We applied such an approach to the Marine Protected Area of Bergeggi (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean). Our study aimed at assessing the effects of recreational angling (a presumed chronic stress) on the recovery of epibenthic communities following historical date-mussel harvesting (an extreme disturbance) by making and testing alternative predictions on the structure of epibenthic communities that should be apparent depending on the importance of specific mechanisms. Effects of date-mussel harvesting were still visible 20 years after its cessation, mostly because recovery is hampered by persistent sea-urchin grazing. We hypothesized that fish biomass removal by angling favours high sea urchin abundance. Based on these premises, we assembled information on angling pressure, sea urchin abundance and substratum cover by different trophic guilds to test our predictions. Our study indicates that the interaction between date-mussel harvesting and angling produced a shift, from autotrophic-dominated to consumer-dominated communities as a consequence of cascading trophic effects. Such an outcome implies that chronic recreation fishing pressure is blocking recovery in locations previously impacted by date-mussel harvesting. Testing predictions proved efficient in describing the interaction among stressors when system history is known and represents a valuable approach to provide scientifically sound insight for improved conservation management.     

浅谈数字时代图书馆参考咨询馆员的素质能力及其培养

基于数字时代图书馆参考咨询馆员的作用,分析了参考咨询馆员应具有的素质与能力,提出了当前图书馆参考咨询馆员培养的内容和方式。     

Prediction of annual reference evapotranspiration using climatic data

It is important to determine how well ET_o can be estimated from easily observed E_pan (free water evaporation measured by a pan) measurements and the other climatic data. Our objectives are to predict annual ET_o with E_pan data (with a calibrated k_p (=ET_o/E_pan)) and with a 4-variable regression function method. The significance of the trends of E_pan, ET_o and k_p series were detected. The whole data series (ET_o, E_pan, mean temperature, sunlight hours, relative humidity and wind speed) were divided into the early (L-5) years for calibrating k_p and coefficients of a 4-variable function and the last 5 years for predicting ET_o. From the results, significance of series trends decreased when using the modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) test compared to the Mann-Kendall (MK) method. For ET_o, five out of six sites showed significant trends according to the MK statistic Z, and two sites were significant in trend combining with the MMK statistic Z*(j). For E_pan, two sites were significant in trends according to Z, and zero sites were significant in trends combining with Z*(j). For k_p, two sites were significant in trends according to Z, and no sites were significant in trends combining with Z*(j). Thus the calibrated k_p can be treated as a constant when using the E_pan method. The predicted annual ET_o using the E_pan and the multi-variable methods showed generally good agreements with the estimated annual ET_o (based on monthly PM equation) with low relative errors (RE). Mean ET_o values were well predicted by both methods. When using E_pan method, RE ranged from −14.7 to −3.3% for Urumqi, from 17.6 to 21.7% for Xning, from 1.8 to 10.7% for Lanzhou, from 4.7 to 17.0% for Huhehaote, from −7.4 to 9.1% for Beijing, and from −8.6 to 2.3% for Changchun. RE of predicting annual ET_o with 4-variable regression function were even lower compared to E_pan method. The main error source of the predictions came from the deviation between calibrated k_p and the actual k_p of the predicted years when using E_pan method and from random fluctuations of climatic data when using the 4-varible regression function. In conclusion, the MMK test was a robust method for trend detection because it considered serial time dependence. Insignificant trend of the k_p series supports the choice of a mean value as the calibrated k_p and for ET_o predictions. The E_pan method is recommended for prediction of annual ET_o.     

Effects of a shading screen on microclimate and crop water requirements

Despite the steadily increasing area under protected agriculture there is a current lack of knowledge about the effects of the 30% black shading screen on microclimate and crop water requirements. Meteorological and lysimeter measurements inside a screenhouse planted with sweet pepper were compared to external reference data. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was calculated from yield records Y and water meter readings I _applied. Shading reduced mean global radiation R _G by more than 40%, and the screen transmissivity τ _screen was shown to vary with solar elevation angle β. Wind speed inside the screenhouse u _in was reduced by more than 50%. Crop water requirements ET _c were 38% lower than estimates for an open field crop, suggesting a significant water saving potential when using screenhouses. However, the screen did not significantly modify maximum temperature T _max and daily vapor pressure deficit. The FAO-Penman–Monteith approach based on meteorological measurements in the screenhouse accurately predicted daily crop evapotranspiration, and was in close agreement with lysimeter measurements. IWUE was relatively high (10.7 kg m⁻³ in 2004 and 13.5 kg m⁻³ in 2005), but additional research is required to quantify the effect of shading on yield as well as to determine the water saving potential of other commonly used screens. Contribution no. 603/06 from the Agricultural Research Organization An erratum to this article can be found at     

Scholarly Journals in Agricultural Economics Libraries/Reference Rooms: A Survey

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to develop a core list of journals for the field of agricultural economics. For this study, the holdings of members of the Agricultural Economics Reference Organization who represent agricultural economics libraries in the U.S. and Canada were surveyed. The resulting list of titles is compared to four similar lists, three in agricultural economics and the fourth in economics. Using any one list of journals is inadequate for collection development in agricultural economics. This survey list, along with other similar lists, can be used for decision making in selection and management of journal titles in the field.